Are wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade: reply.
نویسندگان
چکیده
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منابع مشابه
Are wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade.
Behaviorally mediated trophic cascades (BMTCs) occur when the fear of predation among herbivores enhances plant productivity. Based primarily on systems involving small-bodied predators, BMTCs have been proposed as both strong and ubiquitous in natural ecosystems. Recently, however, synthetic work has suggested that the existence of BMTCs may be mediated by predator hunting mode, whereby passiv...
متن کاملWillow on Yellowstone's northern range: evidence for a trophic cascade?
Reintroduction of wolves (Canis lupus) to Yellowstone National Park in 1995-1996 has been argued to promote a trophic cascade by altering elk (Cervus elaphus) density, habitat-selection patterns, and behavior that, in turn, could lead to changes within the plant communities used by elk. We sampled two species of willow (Salix boothii and S. geyeriana) on the northern winter range to determine w...
متن کاملRestoring Yellowstone’s aspen with wolves
Wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in 1995–1996. We present data on a recent trophic cascade involving wolves, elk (Cervus elaphus), and aspen (Populus tremuloides) in Yellowstone’s northern winter range that documents the first significant growth of aspen in over half a century. Results indicate reduced browsing and increased heights of young aspen during the l...
متن کاملAre wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade: comment.
By the early 1900s, Euro-Americans had extirpated gray wolves (Canis lupus) from most of the contiguous United States. Yellowstone National Park was not immune to wolf persecution and by the mid-1920s they were gone. After seven decades of absence in the park, gray wolves were reintroduced in 1995–1996, again completing the large predator guild (Smith et al. 2003). Yellowstone’s ‘‘experiment in...
متن کاملLong-term aspen dynamics, trophic cascades, and climate in northern Yellowstone National Park
We report long-term patterns of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloidesMichx.) recruitment for five ungulate exclosures in the northern ungulate winter range of Yellowstone National Park. Aspen recruitment was low (<3 aspen·ha−1·year−1) in the mid-1900s prior to exclosure constructiondue toherbivorybyRockyMountain elk (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758) but increasedmore than60-fold within 25 years afte...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Ecology
دوره 94 6 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2013